Research

Research on human capital, education, labor markets, and public policy.

Current projects and selected publications appear first, followed by the full research portfolio organized by theme.

Selected publications

Three places to start

Current research

Working papers & recent projects

Recent work
Full portfolio

All research by topic

Filter by theme

School Finance & Spending

The core of Jackson's reputation: reframing whether — and how — public school spending affects student outcomes.

2026
Working Paper, August 2026
Working Paper
Abstract

Combines design-based micro estimates of school-finance-reform effects on private earnings with a cohort-replacement framework to generate ex ante predictions for aggregate earnings, then tests those predictions using state-level wages, personal income, and GDP. The estimated aggregate response is delayed as treated cohorts enter the labor market and closely tracks the micro-calibrated path.

2016
with Rucker C. Johnson & Claudia Persico
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(1): 157–218
Flagship
Abstract

Using court-mandated school finance reforms as exogenous shifts in spending, the paper finds that sustained increases in per-pupil spending raise educational attainment and adult wages and reduce adult poverty, with larger effects for children from low-income families.

2021
with Cora Wigger & Heyu Xiong
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 13(2): 304–335
Abstract

The paper exploits plausibly exogenous state-level variation in recession-induced school spending cuts. Cohorts exposed to larger cuts had lower test scores and college-going rates, and the cuts widened gaps by income and race.

2024
with Claire L. Mackevicius
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 16(1): 412–446
Abstract

A meta-analysis of design-based U.S. studies finds positive average effects of increased K–12 spending on test scores and educational attainment, while quantifying how impacts vary across policies and contexts.

2018
NBER Working Paper 25368 — synthesis widely cited in press coverage of the spending debate
Abstract

A synthesis of the modern design-based literature on school spending, contrasting newer causal evidence with older observational studies and reviewing what the newer evidence implies for policy.

2019
with Rucker Johnson
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(4): 310–349
Abstract

The paper finds that, for poor children, the benefits of Head Start are larger when followed by better-funded K–12 schools, while the benefits of K–12 spending are larger for children who previously had access to Head Start.

2023
with Claudia Persico
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 42(4): 1118–1124
Abstract

A policy-focused review of the evidence on school spending, including historical trends, limitations of the older descriptive literature, and the implications of newer causal studies.

2015
with Rucker C. Johnson & Claudia Persico
Education Next, Fall 2015
Abstract

A concise presentation of the school-finance-reform evidence, explaining the identification strategy and the long-run effects of reform-induced spending increases on educational attainment and adult earnings.

2014
The Effect of School Finance Reforms on the Distribution of Spending, Academic Achievement and Adult Outcomes
with Rucker Johnson & Claudia Persico
NBER Working Paper 20118

Teacher Labor Markets

The largest body of his work: how teachers are sorted, matched, measured, and how their effects extend beyond test scores.

2018
Journal of Political Economy, 126(5): 2072–2107 — featured in Paul Tough's Helping Children Succeed
Flagship
2009
with Elias Bruegmann
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(4): 85–108
2014
with Jonah E. Rockoff & Douglas O. Staiger
Annual Review of Economics, Vol. 6
2012
Nordic Economic Policy Review, 3(1)

School Choice, Quality & Student Outcomes

Natural experiments — mostly from Trinidad and Tobago's rule-based school assignment — identifying what schools actually do for students, and what parents value.

2023
with Diether W. Beuermann, Laia Navarro-Sola & Francisco Pardo
The Review of Economic Studies, 90(1): 65–101
Flagship
2021
Can Introducing Single-Sex Education into Low-Performing Schools Improve Academics, Arrests, and Teen Motherhood?
Journal of Human Resources, 56(1): 1–39
2020
School Effects on Socio-emotional Development, School-Based Arrests, and Educational Attainment
with Shanette Porter, John Easton, Alyssa Blanchard & Sebastian Kiguel
American Economic Review: Insights, 2(4): 491–508
2024
with Shanette Porter, John Easton & Sebastian Kiguel
Journal of Labor Economics, 42(3): 717–751
2022
with Diether W. Beuermann
Journal of Human Resources, 57(3): 725–746
2010
Do Students Benefit From Attending Better Schools? Evidence From Rule-based Student Assignments in Trinidad and Tobago
The Economic Journal, 120(549): 1399–1429

Early Childhood, Governance & Recent Work

Current working papers, plus work on downturns, job loss, and school governance reform.

2025
with Julia A. Turner & Jacob Bastian
NBER Working Paper 33767
Current
2024
Does Education Prevent Job Loss During Downturns? Evidence from Exogenous School Assignments and COVID-19 in Barbados
with Diether W. Beuermann, Nicolas L. Bottan, Bridget Hoffmann & Diego A. Vera-Cossio
European Economic Review, vol. 162, Article 104675

Incentives & Applied Microeconomics

Earlier work applying causal methods outside education — taxis, alcohol policy, and workplace incentives.

2015
with Henry Schneider
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 7(4): 136–168
2011
with Henry Schneider
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(3): 244–267
2011
with Emily G. Owens
Journal of Public Economics, 95(1–2): 106–121
2010
A Little Now for A Lot Later: An Evaluation of a Texas Advanced Placement Incentive Program
Journal of Human Resources, 45(3): 591–639
2012
Do College-Prep Programs Improve Long-Term Outcomes?
Economic Inquiry, 52(1): 72–99
2008
Cash for Test Scores: The Impact of the Texas Advanced Placement Incentive Program
Education Next, Fall 8.4: 70–77
2006
with Christopher Avery, Caroline Hoxby, Kaitlin Burek, Glenn Pope & Mridula Raman
NBER Working Paper 12029